The 10 Closest Stars to Earth

Schizophreni The Common Psychotic Disorder - 1697 Words

Schizophrenia is globally the most common psychotic disorder (Holder Wayhs, 2014, p.1). There is no discreet definition of schizophrenia as a disease with a single underlying cause rather it is a set of symptoms diagnosed by clinical observations and the experiences of the patient (Gaebel, 2011). One has to exhibit a number of symptoms for not less than a month to get a Schizophrenia diagnosis. Angelo’s behavior, appearance and conversation suggest that he suffers from the disorder. It is important to manage schizophrenia suffers in a sensitive and appropriate manner to reduce the risk of an episode and improve outcomes for the patient. The odds of inheriting schizophrenia are exceptionally low, around 60% of infected people have had†¦show more content†¦Some risk factors come out as a result of intelligence, geographic factors, famine and malnutrition and socioeconomic factors (Lehman Lieberman, 2004). There are no Laboratory tests for schizophrenia and one is usually diagnosed by having a number of symptoms over a period of over one month. According to ICD clinical symptoms of schizophrenia are defined from the point of the presence and expression of primary and/or secondary symptoms (Andreasen, N. C., Flaum, M. 1991). The symptoms are divided in two classes, that is, negative and positive. Positive symptoms are, Delusions. - This is basically a misconception that one takes to be the truth and cannot be swayed in their opinion no matter how impractical the belief might be. Hallucinations. – This is a sensory perception of things that are actually not there. They could be auditory, visual or even tactile. Agitation/aggression, Disordered thinking, Disordered movement. Angelo seems distracted while in the middle of the conversation and says he heard bad comments and he needs to be careful. This is a direct evidence of hallucination. It is important to find out if the voices are just commenting on the patient and his behavior or commanding them to do something as voices that command has a potential to influence the individual to injure themselves or others.

Ageing Population in Asia Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Ageing Population in Asia. Answer: Introduction The collective efforts for improvement in demographic indicators such as adecline in total fertility rate, increase in longevity and decreasing mortality rate has shown great results so much so that, on the flip side, ageing population is becoming a serious concern in the countries of Asia (Heller 2006). The elderly population of Asian economies is increasing rapidly from 57.6 million, 4.1% of Asias population in 1950, to projected 922.7 million, 17.5% of the Asian population by 2050 (Menon Melendez-Nakamura, 2009).This demographic shift towards becoming the oldest region of the world is adversely affecting the economic performance of Asian countries owing to the shrinking labour force, declining rate of saving and investment, and increased financial burden of pension and healthcare costs. This essay takes the example of China and Japan to discuss three phenomena which are resulting in theageing population in Asia, and its consequential changes and impact on healthcare services. It further discusses the policy and cultural aspects of theageing population. The Demographic Changes The sudden increase in the birth rate, and hence the world population, in the aftermath of the 2nd World War for next two decades, was the outcome of avigorousincrease in economic activities and consequent increase in prosperity of developed and then emerging Asian economies. Such higher incomes and education level allowed people to give birth to higher numbers of babies between 1946 to 1964 resulting into Baby Boom (Roy, 2014). China, one of the rapidly developing economies in the world, also witnessed similar baby boom during the '50s and 60s of the20th century which resulted in apopulation explosion in the country. This called for strict policy interference and China was subject to One Child Policythat helped China to bring its total fertility rate below 2. Recent uplifting of one child policy is again resulting in a minor baby boom in China (Hvistendahl, 2010).Japan also had a similar fate post-war, which witnessed a simial baby boom between 1947 and 1949 at the crude birth rate of 30 with annual birth numbers above 2.6 million for the same period (Tachi Okazaki, 1969).As against the perceived notion of war-related delays in marriages and births as a reason for thebaby boom, it was identified that lack of modern birth control measures was theactual reason for the baby boom. Post baby boom years in Japan witnessed a sharp decline in the birth and death rate. The fertility rate is understood as the replacement of the parent couple by younger ones. The fertility rate of 2 implies stagnant population as 2 younger ones are left behind when 2 older ones die.The fertility rate above 2 leads to a growth in population while rate under 2 leads to a shrinking population. Chinas famous One Child Policy (OCP) was the front runner measure for the hasty decline in the fertility of China which was at 2.8 prior to the OCP and sunk to 1.5 in 2010 (Retherford et al., 2005). Although Anders (2014) argues that the policy was cruel and unnecessary as the fertility rate would have gradually decreased below 2 without resulting in ageing problems and skewed gender ratio (Anders, 2014). Japan witnessed a decline in fertility in the 1970s and the increase in educational levels of the women is attributed as the major reason for the decline. Access to higher education among Japanese women kept them unmarried in their twenties and this delay in the age of marriage led to the decline in the overall birth rate which reached at 1.39 by 1997(Shirahase, 2000). The mortality rate is defined as the number of deaths per 1000 population, and adeclinein mortality is understood as the decrease in such deaths due to avariety of factors including environmental, biological, physiological etc.Mortality is further understood in the form of infant mortality rate, under-5 mortality rate, crude death rate, maternal mortality ratio, and life expectancy. The decline in mortality is one of the reasons for ageing population as the ratio of elderly population increases with respect to total population. China has recorded, globally, one of the most rapid increases in life expectancyat birth from 37 years in 1950 to 66 years in 1980. This duration witnessed the dramatic reduction of around 60% in infant mortality rate and under-five mortality, owing to the educational and public health campaigns (Babiarz et al., 2015).The birth rate gradually declined in Japan and reached at 2.0 in 1975, which continued to decline gradually to reach all time low at 1.26 in 2005. Post-2005, TFR started to rise again and reached 1.41 in 2012, yet the country continues to grey due to higher death rate than birth rate and hence population continues to shrink (Durden, 2013). The later half of the 20th century has witnessed a surge in healthcare services in developed countries, followed by public health missions and campaign in developing countries. Malaria control program, greater emphasis on institutional deliveries with the help of acadre of trained midwives, and aggressive immunisationcampaigns for infants have been the major actions taken collectively at global as well as regional levels. Asia also went through such healthcare programs and upgraded their medical services under the aegis of global and regional institutions like World Bank, World Health Organisation, International Monetary Fund, and Asian Development Bank among others. Aggressive healthcare measures adopted in last five decades has resulted in a paradigm shift in development and demographic indicators in Asian countries, though at a varying speed. Key indicators like mortality rate, fertility rate, life expectancy, has improved drastically. Better health facilitieshave also impacted the educational levels with anincrease in literacy rate and reduced drop-out rate. Better health and education indicators, in turn, improved theoverall quality of life and helped reduce poverty levels to acertain extent. Notwithstanding the differences in China and Japan in terms of size, scale, resources, and economics progression, both the country has made remarkable progress vis--vis their previous state of development in last 50 years. The Policies The rate of ageing is uneven across the countries of Asia due to variation in their economic advancement, healthcare facilities demographic indicators, baby boom generation etc. Concerns related to ageing is acknowledged and rather accommodated in policies and legislations, looking forward to addressing the challenges and leverage opportunities related to elderly population. As per the review of 26 Asian countries by HelpAge (2017), 18 countries have anational policy, legislation or action plan for addressing age-related challenges, with other two are in process to have asimilar policy (HelpAge, 2017). Major components of policies related to ageing population include guidelines on healthy ageing, universal equal access to health care, social protection, housing and living environment, images of ageing in society, and care support for caregivers. Moreover, these policies mention rights and age discrimination, abuse, violence, neglect; and training for health care workers. Those pol icies which are not specific to the problem of ageing also includes some policy measures explicitly addressing elder people. In order to address the challenges of ageing in China, the government has recently relaxed the norm of One Child Policy and ayounger couple is now allowed for having thesecond baby. Other policy measures include mandating or incentivizing the individuals to ensure savings for later years. Social insurance policies dictating intergenerational transfers from working age population to retired people is a similar measure. Increasing the retirement age, owing to the longevity, so as to keep people engaged with labour force for alonger period is another way to secure the future of elderlies. Moreover, Government support inthe domain of healthcare is increasing the capacity of older people to continue serving in the labour force and cushion the monetary burden of medical care borne by them. Another policy measure to check the rise in elderly dependency rate is to encourage the higher rate of fertility and immigration to other countries. The Vienna Plan ofAction provides broader guidelines and general principles on how government, institutions, and society at large can meet the needs of theelderly population and tackle the challenges of ageing of society across the globe (United Nations, 1983). The Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing, 2002 is second policy instrument adopted by countries across the world. MIPAA, for the first time,recognised elders as contributors to the development of society instead of being aburden on it.The policy also called for governments to incorporate the concerns of older people in all economic and social development policies so as to meet the millennium development goal. The policy measures are adopted by 159 countries on a voluntary implementation basis (United Nations, 2002). The Culture Culturally, the Chinese are very sensitive towards taking care of their parents. This care and sensitivity towards elders are deeply rooted in the Confucian principle of filial piety. Filial Piety is the fundamental value which suggests that one must take care of ones parents, and younger members should take it as a fundamental duty to take care of their ageing parents (Huffington Post, 2014). Abandoning ones parent in China is considered highly disrespectful and treated secluded by the society. With the advent of globalisation and cultural fusion with westernisation, the cultural fabric of China is breaking down in some cities and communities where people are no more concerned with their parents old age. Chinas one-child policy also triggered this lack of affection towards elderly as people started to live in nuclear family structure. Japan is one of the most favourable places in the world for elderly people. The Japanese culture values older people as care for grandparents is engrained in children and families. Till date, many generations of a family live in the same house making the culture of thejoint family a respectable value for the Japanese. The pro-elderly culture in Japan is further attested by the fact that older people in Japan live more than the same in any other country (Campbell Ikegami, 2000). The happiness and longevity among Japanese elderlies are because of strong community bonds, family and healthy living. Japanese are particular about regular physical exercise and healthy food, especially for senior citizens Across civilisations, the healthcare services derive themselves from religious beliefs (Patel et al., 2002). In ancient China and Japan, diseases were thought of as something supernatural and accordingly remedy was sought from the quack doctors. These quack doctors used to relate the occurrence of symptoms with the local culture and belief. These practices have changed over the period of time. New research studies, policy measures taken by the government have resulted in people becoming more aware today and they now rely on scientific means of disease diagnosis and treatment. This remarkable shift identifies itself with changing cultural practices. Cultural beliefs and practices are reflected in the behaviour of individuals. The lifestyle of citizens is primarily driven by their belief system. A government policy is a guiding tool available with the government to deploy its resources to tackle any issue. In the case of healthcare, the conventional wisdom available with the masses to deal with their health concerns is derived from local cultural practices. A huge no. of citizens relies on the government to extend health services to them. Hence it is imperative for a government policy to be culturally sensitive, failure of which will result in a waste of resources, forcing the citizens to resort to old practices and depriving them of modern scientific healthcare services. The Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing, 2002, recognises elders as contributors in the development process and defies the old convention of being dependent and burden on the society. This view encourages and guides the government policies to consider the welfare of elderlies. A thorough analysis of demographics shall enable the policy makers to come up with policy prescriptions that shall enable the to design such policies that empower the elders so that they may better engage themselves in constructive developmental activities. Efforts should be laid to restore the conventional culture of the joint families so that elders may enjoy psychological comfort and add value to building family institutions. Conclusion Demographic pattern in any society is an outcome of local cultural practices and government policies. Every country in its lifecycle attains a peak where its maximum population is young. This situation is known as a demographic dividend. Constructive policies may help in reaping out the benefits of this dividend. The next phase of the demographiccycle has a bulk of the population in the elderly age group. Elders used to be seen as a burden, but recent policy stances by several governments have changed this viewpoint. Elders are now considered as contributors in developmental activities. Governments are designing better social security schemes, healthcare policies for the elders. Research studies in recent times have shown that these policies should systemicallyaccommodate local culture and practices to deliver best results. References Anders, C. (2014).Did China's one-child policy actually reduce population growth?.Io9. Retrieved 29 January 2014, from https://io9.gizmodo.com/did-chinas-one-child-policy-actually-reduce-population-1511784972 Babiarz, K. S., Eggleston, K., Miller, G., Zhang, Q. (2015). An exploration of China's mortality decline under Mao: A provincial analysis, 195080.Population studies,69(1), 39-56. Campbell, J. C., Ikegami, N. (2000). Long-term care insurance comes to Japan.Health Affairs,19(3), 26-39. Durden, T. (2013).Japanese Birth Rate Plunges To Record Low As Death-Rate Hits Record High.Zero Hedge. Retrieved 7 June 2013, from https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2013-06-07/japanese-birth-rate-plunges-record-low-death-rate-hits-record-high Heller, M. P. S. (2006).Is Asia prepared for an aging population?(No. 6-272). International Monetary Fund. HelpAge. (2017).Mapping of ageing policies.HelpAge. Retrieved 18 May 2017, from https://ageingasia.org/mapping-of-ageing-policies/ Huffington Post. (2014). 7 Cultures That Celebrate Aging And Respect Their Elders.Huffington Post. Retrieved from https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/25/what-other-cultures-can-teach_n_4834228.html Hvistendahl, M. (2010). Has China outgrown the one-child policy?.Science,329(5998), 1458-1461. Menon, J. Melendez-Nakamura, A. (2009).Aging in Asia: Trends, Impacts and Responses(No.25). Asian Development Bank. Patel, S. S., Shah, V. S., Peterson, R. A., Kimmel, P. L. (2002). Psychosocial variables, quality of life, and religious beliefs in ESRD patients treated with hemodialysis.American Journal of Kidney Diseases,40(5), 1013-1022. Retherford, R. D., Choe, M. K., Chen, J., Xiru, L., Hongyan, C. (2005). How far has fertility in China really declined?.Population and Development Review,31(1), 57-84. Roy, S. (2014). Baby Boom Generation in Singapore and its Impact on Ageing.International Science Index 8 (3). Shirahase, S. (2000). Women's increased higher education and the declining fertility rate in Japan.Review of population and social policy,9, 47-63. Tachi, M., Okazaki, Y. (1969). Japan's postwar population and labor force.The Developing Economies,7(2), 170-179. United Nations.(1983).VIENNA INTERNATIONAL PLAN OF ACTION ON AGING. New York: United Nations Press. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/es/globalissues/ageing/docs/vipaa.pdf United Nations. (2002).Political Declaration and Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing. New York: United Nations Press. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/events/pastevents/pdfs/Madrid_plan.pdf

Network Securities Management

Nowadays there has been a great advancement in information technology. This has resulted in many people incorporating information technology in their businesses and organizations. The advancement of information technology has enabled the learning institutions, hospitals, businesses as well as government agencies to employ information technology in their day-to-day activities.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Network Securities Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has resulted to increased performance in these institutions. Information Technology has boosted the expansion of many businesses by enabling them to expand their operations across borders by adapting e-business. The adaption of e-business has helped businesses to augment their market niche as well as improve their communications within the companies as well as with other stakeholders such as their suppliers and shareholders. A computer ne twork is a system that comprise of interconnected computers that communicate with each other. For instance, computers may be connected through the physical hardwires such as the use of wires and networking cards or wirelessly. The networking of computers allows the computers within the network to communicate with each other, share files as well as share some other resources such as the printer. The networking process enables computers to be linked with the internet which increases the usability of a computer network (EcommercePrgrgram.com, 2007). Network Security entails the requirements that are required in an organization to assist in protecting the computer systems, network as well as the resources that are accessible through the network. Network security involves preventing unauthorized access, malicious damages of files, monitoring continuous and consistency of traffic flow as well as effectiveness of the computer network. Network security is a common concern for every company that has a computer network. It is very important for a system administrator to ensure that he/she puts effective security measures to ensure that the network is secure from unauthorized access.Advertising Looking for term paper on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A compromised network security gives hackers or competitive rivals an opportunity to enter into the network and damage sensitive files as well as interfere with the system and completely crush it down. The loss of important data as well as alteration of some sensitive data can result to very serious repercussions to the company affected. The term information security is taken to refer to security of computer system from within an organization, while network security refers to security of the network from outside intruders. The security of any network starts from authentication of a user who logs into the network. Authentication of such type is referr ed as one factor authentication, while a two factor authentication occurs when one uses an Automated Machine or a mobile phone. Three factor authentications happen in biometrics, where body parts such as the eye retina or finger prints are used to verify the user. The authentication procedure is followed by firewalls that leverage the programs or services that will be accessed by authorized users. Firewalls are effective in preventing unauthorized access of sensitive information, but they fail to prevent entry of worms into the network which are transmitted across network. To overcome the entry of viruses as well as worms inside the network, the system network administrator should make sure that he/she installs appropriate firewall as well as IPS settings. The evolvement of information technology has resulted to advancement of the network security systems. The introduction of e-businesses has resulted to the need to modify the computer security systems from keeping the unwanted user s away, but enabling the targeted people to access the network. The cotemporary network should allow customers, remote employees as well as other relevant stakeholders to access the network. Thus the use of firewall and antivirus is not sufficient to guarantee the required security. The security system employed should ensure that it is able to keep the information of the clients private and secure. Through this process the customers will be able to trust the organization network since it cannot expose their information to unwanted people (Curtin, 1997).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Network Securities Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are various techniques that hackers employ to access computer networks illegally. One of the processes they use is an attack of the Internet Protocol. Basically, an IP does not do any authentication of any form. This means that the computer network allows tra nsmission of a packet within the network without finding out whether the address that it assumes to originate from is part of the network. Therefore to control transmission of unwanted packets, the system administrator ensures that the network is able to offer authentication at the application layer. Some of the strategies that hackers employ to access computer networks illegally are IP session hijacking. This process involves instances where unauthorized user takes over a user’s session. For instance, if a user is using an email, the intruder attacks the session and impersonates to be the real user. To control IP snooping, system administrators should make sure that they install their network system with encryption programs. Subsequently, the computer users should therefore make sure that they encrypt their packets before transmission. Use of encryption mechanism has been noted to be a very effective strategy of overcoming IP snooping. The encryption of packets makes sure th at even if the hacker takes over a user’s session, he/she is not in a position to decrypt the transmitted packets in order to understand the kind of information being relayed since they do not have the required cryptographic key. The system manager should advise the management accordingly on the right software and hardware to include in their systems in order to enhance the security of their computer networks. The computer system manager who works on a company that uses mostly telnet should advice the company management to use encrypted versions of telnet, instead of standard telnet that are highly prone to IP snooping. Denial of service attack is a network attack whereby a network attacker sends a lot of request to a host computer which it cannot be able to manage. Most ‘DoS attacks like the Ping of Death’ and ‘Teardrop’ attacks take the advantage of the limitation of the TCP or IP protocols.Advertising Looking for term paper on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example ,it is noted that for all DoS attacks, there are some software that have been designed to prevent these attacks, therefore system administrators should ensure that their computer networks are installed with appropriate software in order to control network attacks through denial of services. A network attacker executes a denial of service attack by sending a lot of request to a system than it can handle. The attacker uses some tools to make it easier to run a program that request the host to send numerous messages. Through this process the attacker makes a connection by faking the packets header information that contains the information of where the packet is originating from and then drops the connecting (Raggo, 2003).). Unauthorized Access is another form of network insecurity. Unauthorized access means an authorized user accessing some resources that ought not to come across. In a computer network, different workstations are given diverse rights on accessing various re sources within the network. This limitation is employed for security issues. For instance, in a situation where a host is a web server, it is programmed in a manner to give anyone with the rights to access the requested web pages. Nevertheless, that host should not offer command shell access before verifying that the request is originating from the right location such as from a local administrator. For example, the system administrator should not allow un-trusted person to execute any command from the server. There exist two categories of this situation. They include the normal access user and administrator access. A normal user is given the right to execute a number of things over the network system. A normal user should be in a position to mail files as well as read those files that are shared over the network. Similarly, the user is given the mandate to mail such files to other people. These rights are only limited to those authorized network users. Unauthorized users are not in a position to execute the aforementioned activities since they have not been given the access rights. Conversely, normal users are not given the permission to make configuration changes to a host. Configuration alterations may involve changing the IP address as well as installing a start-up script that makes a system to shut down every time it boots up. It is only the system administrator that is given the right to execute the configuration changes such as changing the IP addresses or putting start-up scrip. For the normal user to access such privileges, he/she will seek permissions from the system administrator (Curtin, 1997). The connection of an organization to the internet allows the movement of traffic in two ways. This jeopardizes the security of an organization since some proprieties information is freely accessible within a corporate intranet. To overcome this system administrators are using firewalls to create a separation between a company’s intranet and the interne t. A firewall is some components that are used to act as a barrier between two networks. There exist three kinds of firewalls namely; the Application Gateways which comprises of bastions hosts that run some software that behave like proxy server. Application Gateways operates at the application layer of the ISO/OSI Reference Model. It requires for the clients behind the firewall to be proxitized in order to employ Internet services. The use of Application Gateway is not considered as the most preferred option since it is a very slow process. It is slow because it requires a number of subsequent processes to be initiated in order to have a request serviced. The other type of firewall that can be used to separate the company’s intranet with the internet is Packet Filtering. In this method, routers are fitted with Access Control Lists. Thus, through this process, routers are only allowed to transmit only specific packets that they receive. The use of ACLs helps a company to leve rage the information that they avail to the public and the information it considers private. This firewall takes place at the transport layer or the session layer. Packet filtering firewalls are faster than Application gateways firewalls. Conversely, Packet filtering is not considered as a very effective security strategy since the TCP/IP that are associated with Packet Filtering do not have the ability to verify that the source address is really what it assumes to be. In order to enhance the security of computer network while using packet filtering firewalls, the system administrator should use two packets of filtering in order to guarantee whether the packet originates from the internet or intranet. The most effective and efficient firewall is the Hybrid System. This firewall combines the concepts of both the application gateway and packet filtering mechanism in order to boost the performance of firewalls. The system requires authentication and approval at the application layer. A fter the authentication and approval the packet is passed on to the session layer where the packet filtering ensures that it is only those packets that should be accessed by the public are passing on. The coming of e-business has resulted to greater insecurity issues. Many businesses as well as people have lost a lot of their money due to existence of ineffective security measures within their network. Companies that sell their products online should make sure that they have secured their systems accordingly in order to avoid exposing the credit codes of their customers to hackers. Expose of the credit numbers of their clients can result to hackers using these credit cards to make unwarranted purchases. The Sony Entertainment American is an example of a recent victim of hacking that resulted to expose of credit cards of many of their customers (Curtin, 1997). In order to have very effective and efficient security systems, the system administrator should ensure that he/she updates th e network accordingly. The security infrastructure should be able to provide authentication for the users that access the network. Being able to identify the users that visit the network is very paramount in establishing a successful network security. The network should be able to authenticate its customers accurately and efficiently in order to create satisfying experiences with its customers and partners. After the authentication, the system should authorize the users appropriately. The system should give various accesses to diverse users depending on their level of authorization. The system should in addition offer the protection of assets. The network asset entails the information that is transmitted or stored in the network. The computer network should make sure that it keeps information that is stored or transmitted in the network safe and confidential. Similarly, the network should be installed with programs that help in accountability processes. These programs should help th e system administrator to know who are logged in, and what they are doing. The system administrator should advise the management accordingly in order to ensure that they adapt appropriate security policies that will enhance the security of the system. Appropriate administration procedures will greatly boost the security of a network. The security measures adapted should offer assurance that they are effective in meeting their objective. One sure method to verify their effectiveness is by the proactive detection of viruses as well as intrusions. Reference List Curtin, M. (1997).Introduction to Network Security. Web. EcommercePrgrgram.com. E-business – Privacy and Security. Web. Raggo, M. (2003). Hacking and Network Defense. Web. This term paper on Network Securities Management was written and submitted by user Helen Lamb to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Traffic Conjestion Problem In Sri Lanka Tourism Essay Essay Example

The Traffic Conjestion Problem In Sri Lanka Tourism Essay Essay Example The Traffic Conjestion Problem In Sri Lanka Tourism Essay Paper The Traffic Conjestion Problem In Sri Lanka Tourism Essay Paper Sri Lanka is an island in the Indian Ocean in South Asia, 65 610 square kg metres in country, divided into nine administrative states where population of about 21 million in 2009. The state measures about 400 kilometres from North to South and 250 kilometer from East to West. The entire length of roadway in Sri Lanka is 112,603 kilometer in 2009. The figure of vehicles in Sri Lanka in 2009 is 2,245,108. By 1948, when Sri Lanka became independent, there were about 11,000 kilometers of roads, of which about 7,000 kilometers were paved. Sri Lanka has a route web of approximately 112,603km, consisting about 11,760 kilometers of national roads ; 15,743 kilometer of provincial roads ; 80,600 kilometer of local authorization roads ; and 4,500 kilometer of roads owned or controlled by irrigation, wildlife, and land development governments. These national main roads comprise roads that are categorized as Class A and B roads, the highest classs in Sri Lanka s route hierarchy. Provincial roads are categorized as Class C, D, and E roads. While the capacity of local and rural roads has been expanded since 1948, most of the bole roads day of the month back to pre-independence old ages and their capacity has become unequal owing in portion to neglected care. Road conditions are by and large hapless. Roadss are the spinal column of the conveyance sector in Sri Lanka. They are important for the motion of people and goods and play a critical function in incorporating the state, easing economic growing, and finally cut downing poorness. National roads are keeping over 70 per centum of the traffic in Sri Lanka. Roadss are really of import for the big bulk of Sri Lanka s people who live in the small towns. They are frequently the lone manner for most rural people to make necessary services such as infirmaries, schools, markets, and Bankss, which are largely situated far from their small towns. 1.2 Problem Background The installation of smooth traffic motion is an decoration every bit good as an plus to any metropolis. But capital metropolis of Sri Lanka is confronting a large job with traffic job. Traffic job has aggravated by the attending of all signifiers economic, commercial and administrative maps in the metropolis. The metropolis of Colombo attracts about 1.5 Million drifting population on a on the job twenty-four hours and with the add-on of the resident population in the metropolis. The entire population in the metropolis increases to more than 2 Million during the daylight. It is estimated that approximately 50 % of the transposing population arrives in the metropolis for employment or to link in commercial activities and or to go to educational establishments. The remainder comes to the metropolis for assorted other intents. Commuting population are used assorted signifiers of transit to come in the metropolis. Both the figure of vehicles and the riders come ining the City are increasing twelvemonth by twelvemonth. Traffic congestion is often increasing as more and more people buy vehicles. At the same clip the residential population and the ownership of vehicles within the metropolis bounds will besides see a singular growing. Vehicles are come ining to the City from 9 entry points on working yearss have been estimated to be about 275,000, and this is in add-on to the part to the traffic floor by the usage of vehicles of the occupants in the metropolis. The combination of these facets outcome is a greater attractive force of the metropolis for people from the remainder of the state therefore worsening the conveyance job in the metropolis of Colombo. 2. Reasons for traffic congestion The figure of vehicles in the metropolis is non the lone factor that contributes to congestion. There are several other grounds for this traffic congestion. 2.1 The current traffic signal web A signal operation system is indispensable to route efficiency. There are so many traffic circles and hamlets where no traffic signals are installed in every topographic point. These topographic points are celebrated for traffic blocks since many automobilists and walkers do non follow the prevalent regulations. Pedestrians are crossed roads without regular intervals and utilizing manus signals. It seems that the current traffic signal web in Colombo is deficient to keep monolithic sums of traffic volume. 2.2 The current route system Massive main roads, many Bridgess, and tunnels can non be found all over the state like South Korea. Most of the roads are little and narrow.The conditions and criterions of the roads are unequal to run into quickly turning cargo and rider traffic. More than 50 % of the national roads have hapless or really hapless surface status and many are earnestly congested. The range for widening roads on bing alliances is limited chiefly because of land acquisition issues. 2.3 Inadequate investing Despite the significant additions in traffic volume at that place have been unequal investings for building of new main roads or broadening and bettering bing roads. Over the past old ages the investing in the route sector has been chiefly determined on the rehabilitation of the bing route web. 2.4 Mixed traffic system National main roads, which are by and large two-lane, has been unable to transport the current volume of assorted traffic ( walkers, motorcycles, coachs, three-wheelers, and motor vehicles ) . Increasing traffic volumes and a traffic mix consisting of motorised and non-motorized traffic have resulted in low travel velocities, terrible traffic congestions, and increased accident rates. 2.5 Street sellers There are illegal buildings and street sellers are making their concerns in waysides. In most roads passage through waysides is obstructed by these street sellers. Uncontrolled wayside development and concerns has reduced the capacity of the route web. 2.6 Illegal parking Illegal parking significantly contributes to congestion and impedes the traffic flow. Cities suffer in Sri Lanka from unenforced drive and parking ordinances. Although Vehicles parking in waysides is illegal in the state most of automobilists are parking their vehicles in waysides ground for that is restriction of parking topographic points. 2.7 Sidewalks for walkers In capital metropolis, most of roads have constructed without pavements for walkers. When walkers are walking side on the route the bing roads have translated to as narrow roads. 3. Datas analysis In this portion has concerned about most relevant informations in connexion with traffic congestion. Although South Korea has provided more installations for their conveyance system they besides are possessed job with congestion. In South Koreans has enjoyed with many main roads, Bridgess, tunnels, and express ways in connexion with their conveyance system. In sing about traffic congestion can be considered as population, no of vehicles, no of accident and no of individuals killed in accident are the most of import factors. In the undermentioned information has been attending about compare information with South Korea and Sri Lanka. 3.1 Population The following table no 1 and figure no1 has included information about population in thousand in two states. Table no 1.Population in two states Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Sri Lanka Population ( 1000 ) 18,713 18,797 18,921 19,173 19,462 19,668 19,886 20,010 20,156 20,303 South Korea population ( 1000 ) 47,008 47,357 47,622 47,859 48,039 48,138 48,297 48,456 48,607 48,747 Beginning: Central Bank of Sri Lanka www.iatss.or.jp/pdf/research/32/32-2-10 Figure no 1.Population in two states Beginning: Central Bank of Sri Lanka www.iatss.or.jp/pdf/research/32/32-2-10 When sing about this information South Korea population is higher than Sri Lanka ground for that Sri Lanka is a little state than South Korea. 3.2 No of registered vehicles Other most of import factor is no of registered vehicles in these two states. In table no 2 and 3 are provided entire no of vehicles in two states. Table no 2. No of registered vehicle in South Korea Year Registered Vehicle ( 1000 ) Increasing Rate ( % ) 2001 12,910 7.1 2002 13,950 8 2003 14,590 4.6 2004 14,930 2.4 2005 15,400 3.1 2006 15,900 3.2 2007 16,430 3.4 2008 16,790 2.2 Beginning: www.iatss.or.jp/pdf/research/32/32-2-10 Table no 3. No of registered vehicle in Sri Lanka Year Registered Vehicle ( 1000 ) Increasing Rate ( % ) 2001 1,779 2002 1,892 6.3 2003 2,074 9.7 2004 2,298 10.8 2005 2,527 10 2006 2,828 12 2007 3,126 10.5 2008 3,391 8.5 Beginning: Central Bank of Sri Lanka Figure no 2.Registered vehicles in South Korea Beginning: www.iatss.or.jp/pdf/research/32/32-2-10 Figure no 3.Registered vehicles in Sri Lanka Beginning: Central Bank of Sri Lanka In comparing with 2001 the no of vehicles has increased in 30 % twelvemonth 2008 in South Korea. There are 91 % important increase in Sri Lanka comparison with 2001 and 2008. Although degree of increased of entire no of vehicles in both states has decreased it is really important in 2004 in South Korea. 3.3 Traffic Accident in South Korea In the undermentioned tabular arraies and figures have been discussed about traffic accident volume and how many people killed by route accident in both states. Table no 4.Traffic Accident in South Korea Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Traffic Accidents Volume 290,481 260,579 230,953 240,832 220,755 214,171 213,745 211,662 251,822 Person Killed 10,236 8,097 7,090 7,212 6,563 6,376 6,327 6,166 5,870 Beginning: www.iatss.or.jp/pdf/research/32/32-2-10 Table no 5.Traffic Accident in Sri Lanka Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Traffic Accidents Volume 54,250 52,092 55,031 59,494 53,458 42,537 35,763 33,993 31,872 Person Killed 1992 1952 2029 1933 2116 2236 2238 2402 2328 Beginning: Central Bank of Sri Lanka Figure no 4. Traffic Accident in South Korea Beginning: www.iatss.or.jp/pdf/research/32/32-2-10 Figure no 5. Traffic Accident in Sri Lanka Beginning: Central Bank of Sri Lanka Although traffic accident volume has been decreased up to 2007 there is a considerable increase in 2008 in South Korea. In comparing with 2007, the traffic volume has been increased in 19 % in the twelvemonth 2008. In sing about Sri Lanka information the highest accident volume has been reported in twelvemonth 2003.The sum is 59,494 accidents. After 2003, there are noteworthy decreased in the traffic volume of Sri Lanka. When concerned about no of killed individual in accident there are large different with two state. Although in South Korea the no of killed individual in accident has been decreased twelvemonth by twelvemonth the Sri Lanka state of affairs is different. There has been reported a important increase about no of individual killed in accident. 4. Solutions for jobs 4.1 Traffic signal web To react traffic congestion in capital metropolis must be established new traffic signals in every traffic circle, cross route and necessary topographic points. It will be appreciable affected to cut down traffic congestion. The traffic signal web is established in 100 % in the developed states and many of other states. 4.2 Improve route substructure. It is necessary to build a modern route web, and upgrade bing roads to run into the state s economic and societal development demands. In add-on to the demand for bettering and rehabilitating deteriorated roads, there is an pressing demand to ship on a plan for the building of new intercity main roads. In sing about route substructure should concern about pavements and illegal buildings. It will be helped to ease more route infinite to the automobilist on the route. 4.3 Private sector investing The Government has limited capacity to finance public investings. Advanced funding schemes particularly private sector investing will be needed to mobilise sufficient support for such main roads. Using these financess can be improved route care and building and do route development sustainable. The authorities should advance private sector engagement in route substructure betterment. 4.4 Transport Planning and Coordination. Transport sector duties in Sri Lanka have been widen over a battalion of ministries and bureaus, taking to a extremely disconnected construction of decision-making. At present there are nine ministries with a direct duty for conveyance substructure. When taking determinations sing route substructure it have been affected for all these governments. In the past decennaries, many determinations have non match and there are besides large statement about these determinations. The Sri Lankan authorities should take necessary stairss to set up one establishment from garnering these all relevant establishments to supply a better conveyance services. 5. Policy execution 5.1 A national policy sing traffic signal The traffic signals will assist to better traffic flow on roads. These stairss would guarantee less traffic congestion and traffic accidents compare with old state of affairs. 5.2 Private investing Harmonizing to current state of affairs in the state, authorities should believe a national policy sing private investing on the route substructure. Lack of finance state of affairs in the authorities, this measure will be helped to authorities to better the route substructure in the state. 5.3 Reduce responsible establishments In present there are several establishments in sing route conveyance. It would non be good to taking the determinations. In sing that, can be arrange these all establishments under one policy sing the route transit. 6. Decision The efficiency of Sri Lanka s conveyance sector has blocked by a assortment of restraints. Sri Lanka depends on foreign trade and it can be increased by efficient conveyance web in the state. Globalization of trade has risen non merely from the liberalisation of trade, but besides from major progresss in communications, conveyance, and storage engineerings. On clip bringing of merchandises and riders has become a consequence of good transit web. For travel of people and transit of factors of production, semi-finished goods, and manufactured merchandises will necessitate efficient conveyance services. After following effectual and efficient policies sing transit web can be achieved a better conveyance web in the state.

Miscibility of Fluids in Chemistry

Miscibility of Fluids in Chemistry If you add 50 mL of water to 50 mL of water you get 100 mL of water. Similarly, if you add 50 mL of ethanol (alcohol) to 50 mL of ethanol you get 100 mL of ethanol. But, if you mix 50 mL of water and 50 mL of ethanol you get approximately 96 mL of liquid, not 100 mL. Why? The answer has to do with the different sizes of the water and ethanol molecules. Ethanol molecules are smaller than water molecules, so when the two liquids are mixed together the ethanol falls between the spaces left by the water. Its similar to what happens when you mix a liter of sand and a liter of rocks. You get less than two liters total volume because the sand fell between the rocks, right? Think of miscibility as mixability and its easy to remember. Fluid volumes (liquids and gasses) arent necessarily additive. Intermolecular forces (hydrogen bonding, London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces) also play their part in miscibility, but thats another story.

Global Warming, Extraction and Exploration Essay - 6

Global Warming, Extraction and Exploration - Essay Example Oil plays an endless and crucial part of the modern world. Other than being a critical source of energy, petroleum items serve as feedstock for a few purchaser products, subsequently playing a developing and pertinent part in individuals lives. Then again, the oil business holds a noteworthy capability of risks for nature and may affect it at distinctive levels ranging from air, water, soil, and every living being on the planet. Consequently, the broadest and hazardous outcome of oil and gas industry exercises is contamination and pollution. Pollution is experienced throughout all phases of oil and gas creation, from exploratory exercises to refining. Some of the main environmental effects include; While the greater part of global warming happens in the in rich nations such as the United States and other parts of Europe. It is the poorest nations, those that can least bear to adjust to an evolving atmosphere, who are suffering the most. Developing nations economies are hurt when oil is extracted from them, or when they are subject to unpredictable oil imports. Also, when the oil is at last flared and the carbon contained in it discharged into the environment. Oil contributes intensely to diminished agricultural output, extended dry spells, human health effects, displacement of people and other effectively watched and anticipated effects of environmental change (McKibben Para. 3). The impacts of environmental change are as of now being felt everywhere throughout the planet as climate change is turning out to be less predictable and everything from agribusiness and fisheries to the insurance business is being impacted. According to Hunter (24), when conducting oil exploration for offshore oil, the oil companies use seismic waves to analyze the possibilities of the rocks below the water surface to be bearing gas and oil. This process may result in the destruction of tissues and organs of fish and also  alter the means of communication of marine organisms as well as how they search for food.  

British Film Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

British Film Culture - Essay Example Rife with nudging and guffawing, Peter Cattaneo 's film about steelworkers turned male strippers is somehow less raunchy, but every bit as jolly and as irreducibly English, as a Donald McGill seaside postcard. Populated by awkward, well-meaning lads who don't have it in them to behave too badly, its Sheffield is apparently the one part of Britain that Loaded never reached. What The Full Monty is, though, is political, in the gentlest, Ealing-comedy way. It starts with a brassy, breathlessly chipper documentary clip, a spot-on parody of the old Pathe Films. The men have nothing much else to occupy them, and Gaz is likely to lose touch with his young son unless he can pay his debts. Then they see some women queuing to see a troupe of male strippers. Gaz, realising there's only one way left for a man to make a fast buck, assembles a rival crew - not so much beefcake as meatloaf and scrag end. Unemployed Northern men trying anything to scrape a living and uphold their dignity sure enough, The Full Monty pays its respects to Ken Loach. There's a cameo by Bruce Jones from Loach's Raining Stones, as a hapless auditioner gauchely attempting to peel off his anorak. But this is light Loach and with a more focused comic touch. What makes the story compelling is that there's more at stake than just the few bob and laughs the lads stand to make. It's dignity they hope to regain, and more fundamentally, masculinity. Fatigued and disenfranchised, they all wonder if they're still men. Dave worries about losing his wife (Lesley Sharp), Gaz is already divorced, and their suicidal pal Lomper (Steve Huison) is living a dreary celibate life. Meanwhile, Sheffield's women are still in work and ruling the roost. They've even taken over the working men's club for women-only nights. A mortified Gaz sneaks behind enemy lines to witness the ultimate horror - women not only invading the sanctity of the Gents, but pissing standing up. The vision persuades him there's only one way for men to retaliate - reclaim their widgers. The Full Monty could have been made as course material for film-studies seminars on Marxism and the Phallus. Cattaneo and Beaufoy could have gone for a harsher lampooning of male sexual attitudes, but their approach yields subtler, more tender returns. Their heroes are adolescents who don't understand women but wish they did, and eventually are only too happy to confess their inadequacies. The presence of women in the film seems a little cursory, largely restricted to Lesley Sharp, Emily Woof, a few mouthy passers-by, and the crowds of the club scenes. But that's because the men see women from the outside - through the toilet window, as it were. Excluded from the female world of adulthood, they form their own society, a Just William club of eternal schoolboys with Gaz's young son Nathan (the engagingly sour-faced William Shape) tagging along as disapproving chaperon. This is something you rarely see a film on camaraderie among straight men (mostly), that doesn't indulge in slobbishness or Californian hugs, but celebrates the virtues of solidarity. Widgers United. The joke is that the men aren't really learning a new skill that will alter their lives. The Full Monty feels celebratory because it isn't about

Copyright Essay Example for Free

Copyright Essay A Copyright it the sole privilege of the owner to duplicate or allow someone else to duplicate their work. Items that can be copyrighted are anything that one creates including but not limited to literary work such as articles, stories and even computer programs. Along with any graphics, pictures, music, song lyrics, screenplays and movies can also be copyrighted by their owner or creator. If there is a question if something is copyrighted it more than likely is copyrighted and you will need permission to use it if not that is considered copyright infringement which is wrong and punishable by law. Something as simple as printing a Web page, downloading a picture, printing and image even copy the HTML, JavaScript is considered infringement and against the law. If you chose to copy code from a Web site you must show the original author respect by properly citing the material and following necessary steps. You do so by asking for permission to use their material. To use text or an image from a Web site you just need to contact the owner and explain what you would like to use the text or image for and then ask to use it. No matter if an image or text does not have a copyright notice or not it is still covered by the copyright laws, (J Kyrnin 2012) It is important to protect your own images and text as well. To protect your images and text create a copyright notice for you Web site. Images can have watermarks among different copyright details using a unique software program. Companies such as Digimarc have created a technology that enables you to watermark images and the back ground for text. The watermark cannot be adjusted or changed by the user of the image or text. Even though browsers all for the copying of information it is important to never use another person works without notifying them and receiving their consent to use their material. It is crucial that you ask for the permission to use anything created by someone else on the Web and that you properly cite your sources for the information.

The Place of Humanities in University Studies :: essays research papers

The Place of Humanities in University Studies This is NOT an essay - it is a collection of notes which are the foundation of an 800 word comparison of two articles regarding the place of humanities in university studies, and the roles of mass communication.Part 1 (800 words - 30%)You will be given two short readings by the end of Week 3 of the Semester. Identify the approach or approaches used in each, and with reference to the features and examples of the identified approaches as presented in Subject materials, justify your answer.Andrew Riemer's article, "Cannon or Fodder?" (The Weekend Australian, 16-17 November 1996) can be identified as having both Idealist and Leavisite approaches within the text. This is indicated in several passages of the text:"My colleagues in the Department of English were irresponsible...They were trivialising the discipline...by allowing undergraduates to sidestep the so-called canonical writers...in favour of whatever transient phenom enon or writer of small talent happened to be their latest obsession.""They were reprehensible ... in encouraging their students to impose simple sub-Marxist, sub-feminist templates on complex and mysterious works of literature ... Milton's Eve reduced to a mere victim of the patriarchy.""Alluring though it might be, we cannot recover intellectual integrity by turning back the clock.""Cannon or Fodder?" (The Weekend Australian, 16-17 November 1996)When looking at the approaches as they are presented in the Subject Materials, one is able to identify them as clearly being both Idealistic and Leavisite. Our Subject Book indicates that the Idealistic view of culture has been "conceived in the humanities and in journalism and popular social commentary ... a realm of moral, spiritual and aesthetic values which exist largely independent and above society". Further, this view states Culture was isolated from society - autonomous because it had to be abstracted from one way of life (pre-industrial) and then transmitted and extended to another (allegedly inferior) way of life to 'save' that society.The Leavisite concept of culture is still common and is firmly bound up in the theory of mass society and mass culture.Mass communications are seen to hold a crucial and privileged place in mass society, taking over the role of creating and distributing the values and information common to a society.Mass culture, unlike high culture, is unable to transcend its time and place and offer any kind of lasting truth to its audiences and, at worst, positively damages them.

Religion and/ Spirituality Essay

The findings of the study highlights the salience of religious beliefs and spirituality as an aspect that positively influenced or contributed towards the subjective sense of well-being of the institutionalized aged, from the point of view of their administrators. For many of the participants, religiosity and spirituality seemed to be identical and they did not differentiate one from the other. And they engaged assiduously in religious practices, which in turn contributed toward their subjective experience of well-being. This practice of religion or their spirituality has been found to be the most powerful coping strategy adopted by these institutionalized elderly under investigation. This finding showed consistency across all sources of data in this study. The elderly at Gladys Center found prayer or dependence on God by the willing surrender to His will as a powerful means of dealing with his or her difficulties in all levels, as expressed by their administrators. This finding is backed by Mackenzie et al.(2000): Religion and spirituality significantly influence both mental and physical health in later life and relationship with God forms the foundation of their psychological well-being. While intrinsic religious orientation is inversely related to depression, anxiety, fear of death in older adults and they better cope with illness, loss, and grief formal religious involvement is related to general measures of personal adjustment and subjective health and life satisfaction (Koenig, 1999 & Mackenzie et al. 2000). According to Magai et al.(2003) Religious beliefs and participation or engaging in religious activities are closely related to positive aging outcomes, particularly life satisfaction and the absence of mental disorders. Most of the elderly as it was observed across different sources of data, engaged in religious and devotional activities every day of the week. Studies examining the relationship between religious involvement and a wide variety of health conditions, that as individuals aged, both formal and informal religious participation were associated with better health, happiness, and life satisfaction. Even when health was controlled, the strong link between religiosity and subjective well-being remained, which is true in the case of the participants who showed a great sense of well-being despite their declining physical health. Study done by Magai et al. (2003) proved that absence of religiosity or spirituality is consistently a predictor of low hardiness and those who are religiously oriented are likely to be intrinsically hardy and less likely to be debilitated, despite variations in social network. This observation could be an indicator how the elderly cope with the absence of their dear ones and various other things. The findings of the study showed that as perceived by their administrators, the elderly experienced prayer as source of strength, hope, meaning and peace in their lives and different studies hold up this finding. Religious experience provides a sense of meaning and purpose in daily life (Polner, 1989), a primary source for inner peace, values and social harmony (Witmer & Sweeny, 1992), a greater sense of wholeness, connectedness, and positive outlook.

Family and Childcare Issues for Single Head of Households Essay

Child care issues greatly affect families in the low-income bracket. This means families earning less than 200% of poverty. Parents in this category usually find themselves less able to lead productive lives in relation to retaining employment. Disruptions in work schedules, including but not limited to absenteeism occur when parents are unable to provide adequate child care or are unable to access child care programs. With the rising cost of living, providing child care remains an uphill task for the low income families. Government interventions in providing affordable child care programs provide a relief for the working families in the low-income bracket. This enables the families secure their current jobs since high absenteeism and work related interruptions usually leads to loss of jobs and consequently loss of income and a resultant entrapment in poverty. Relationship between Child Care Assistance and Employment Cost of child care to low-income families The greatly affected parent in child care issues is the mother. In event that the mother in the low-income bracket happens to be the head of the household the issues become more compounded. However when the low-income mother gets access to child care support programs she is the more likely to get employed, retain employment, be self-reliant and consequently lead a better quality life. There is increased incidence of working single low-income mothers in recent years. With over 60 % of poverty stricken families with children working, the need for affordable child care programs is a necessity. Approximately 64% of the single, low-income mothers with children under six year are employed (Matthews, 2006. p.1). In the low-income bracket families spend 25% to 50% of their income on child care. Child care cost is not static but varies with the quality, type and certainly the particular country. In the U.S child care for a four year old child is in the range between $3,016 to $9,628 while that of an infant ranges from $3,803 to $13,480 in a year. This is above the affordability of the low-income single mother. In particular communities in the U.S the low-income families without access to child care programs can barely afford over 10% of the subsidized child care provided in their community (Matthews, 2006. p.2). In some counties the cost of child care visa vie the annual income of a single parent household is 56% (Contra Costa Child Care Council, 2003. p.1). The impact of the lack of reliable child care on employers cannot be neglected. Work related interruptions such as employee absenteeism have a direct negative impact on the organizations that employ the affected single parents. In 1998 these interruptions cost the U.S employers about $3 billion in lost revenue. Employee absenteeism as a result of child care issues results to an average of two days of work lost per year. Whereas about 65% of employees report late or leave early resulting to lost man-hours as a result of child care issues. In some states 20% of parents have had problems retaining employment, or securing employment as a result of child care problems, while about 37% have lost man-hours due to the same problem (Matthews, 2006. p.2). It is evident that a vast majority of the low-income families are engaged in jobs that do not offer paid leave or flexible work hours. This compounds the problem when the single parent has to lose their pay to attend to child care issues. This means that the costs, financial and otherwise, of child care are an impediment to women empowerment bearing in mind that they are the most likely to be directly affected by loss of income due to child care issues (Matthews, 2006. p.2). Child Care and Women Employment Provision of child care enables the single parent to get employment or retain current employment. If single heads of households received full support for child care, it would increase by 15% the proportion of working women and by 14% of the proportion of working low-income women earning approximately 185% of the poverty level. Access to child care support programs has a direct relationship to access to employment including employment retention to single heads of households. Single mothers with young children are 40% more likely to retain employment in the event that they get access to child care programs. The chance of employment in the low-income single mothers’ category increases by approximately 15% in the event that they receive child care support (Matthews, 2006. p.3). Need for Child Care More often that not, single heads of households need to work away from home thus creating the need for child care from outside the family set-up. In the view of this access to child care centers becomes a necessity. Child care centers fall into two basic categories namely the licensed and the non-licensed. Licensing child care centers ensures that minimum acceptable standards for child care are met and consequently maintained. However the child care provided from the child’s home exempt from the licensing requirements although it is deemed as legal. The unlicensed child care service providers operate in violation of the law (Oklahoma Child Care, 2005. p.6).   Ã‚  In states like Oklahoma for instance, 58.7% of children below thirteen years live in households headed by a single parent. In the view of this a huge number of these children (above 300,000) need child care on a daily basis. Due to the lack of adequate and affordable licensed child care facilities families rely on other service providers other than the licensed child care centers. These other service providers include family members, neighbors and the unlicensed child care centers. Single parents with infants are less fortunate since the available licensed child care centers are hesitant in admitting infants (Oklahoma Child Care, 2005. p.6-10). In Contra Costa County, children below five years of age living in households headed by a single parent account for 17% of the total number of children. However the available child care centers are overwhelmed by the numbers of children in need of these facilities. The licensed child care available can only cater for 32% of the total number of children with employed parents. That creates a deficit of 68% who may only access child care from the unlicensed child care centers and other service providers. Lack of adequate facilities to cater for the children with special needs aggravates the problem (Contra Costa Child Care Council, 2003. p.1). Effect of Child Care Support on Employment In general single parents who get access to child care facilities are more productive at their work places working for longer hours and hence increasing their earnings. However single parents who access the subsidized child care programs achieve over 100% increased earning with 50% increase in the total number of months engaged in productive work. It has been proved that access to subsidized child care programs is directly related to increased job retention among the beneficiary single parents. While there is 25% to 43% likelihood of decrease in job losses among the beneficiaries of the subsidized child care programs (Matthews, 2006. p.4).   It is evident that the cost of child care drains the income especially of the single parent in that it accounts for more than the proportion of the income that caters for rent, mortgages, and the cost of good quality college education (Oklahoma Child Care, 2005. p. 2).

The Journey †Creative Writing Essay Final

The Journey – Creative Writing Essay Final Free Online Research Papers The Journey Creative Writing Essay Final As the door shut I could immediately feel my lungs gasping for air. I don’t know which made my heart panic most: the intrusive search through my bag, being strapped to my seat by a tight belt, or knowing that I was doing something wrong.For me, an airplane is the one place in the world that evokes every emotion in my body: sadness, happiness, anxiety, relief, fear, anticipation. It is also a vehicle for escape and change in my life. For the past two years it has aided me in my everlasting battle against space, time and distance. It has allowed me to leave my stressful life behind and be with the one person who makes me feel complete. His ability to turn my sad days into happy ones and make me feel comfortable in my own skin has always been worth the journey. The forbiddance of being in a long distance, serious relationship has always been an unspoken understanding between my parents and I. I almost feel that sometimes they should just hand-cuff me and throw me behind bars when I walk through that metal detector. But I must say that there is a certain element of excitement within my fear of being caught. As I glanced out the window over the men throwing luggage around, the bright setting-sun pierced into my eyes. I slowly pulled down the small shade and shut out reality. As the plane took off, I found myself gripping onto the armrests as if my life depended on it. The turbulence must have woken up the butterflies in my stomach and, all of a sudden, memories of the day we met flashed through my mind. I remembered feeling this exact feeling in my stomach, as if we were on a roller-coaster ride. The cold, stale air from the air vent began to make me nauseous and chilly. I removed the fuzzy, red fleece blanket from the plastic bag and wrapped it around my body. It felt prickly but warm, like his hugs. I tried to wedge the tiny white pillow somewhere between the armrest and the window and as I put my head down and closed my eyes, I could feel the heartbeat of his chest. I remembered how I use to crawl underneath my blanket every night only so my roommate would not be disturbed by the giggles and laughs of my nightly conversations. I started to fall asleep with a subtle smile on my face, like every night. I was abruptly woken up when the wheels of the plane hit the runway, much like the way my pounding alarm clock did every morning. Only this time I didn’t have to go through my day alone. A heavy burden lifted off my shoulders and I felt a sense of relief, almost like getting away with a crime. The door opened up and I could finally breathe again. As I walked off the plane, through the airport and closer to him, I slowly forgot about everything that I left behind. And I didn’t look back. Research Papers on The Journey - Creative Writing Essay FinalThe Spring and AutumnThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Hockey GameHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayTrailblazing by Eric AndersonBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyCapital PunishmentMind TravelComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

The Player essays

The Player essays While not a motivating or inspiring film, Robert Altmans The Player is creative and amusingly satirical. The cinematography and editing tricks grabs the audience attention and throws them into the midst of Hollywood back-lot. The Players opening sequence, a lengthy 8-minute tracking shot, establishes the mood and ironic theme of the movie. Altmans The Player is a sardonic comedy on Hollywood. It is ironic because the whole movie deals with Hollywood and the movie industry and how shallow the industry can be. It is a film that states the obvious. The movie deals with the life force of the movie industry, its players and how superficial the world they live in is. It parodies a bad Hollywood movie, and farces the components that make it up. Our opening shot, an eight-minute tracking shot sets the ironic movie plot. Point given, we are greeted by the camera winding around buildings filled with many recognizable Hollywood faces; talent, directors, and writers. Griffin Mills (Tim Robbins) is a studio executive whose job it is to hear film "pitches," or outlines for film stories. Buck Henry (writer of "The Graduate") is shown throwing a pitch to him for the "The Graduate: Part II." A bored Mills looks on listlessly, as it is just one of the hundreds of pitches he will hear that week. The chaos on the Hollywood back-lot continues to build. There are grips and gophers, cameramen, and A.D.s, even the Japanese representatives of Sony take a tour of the studio. It seems to be quite a great opening for the film. In fact it is ingenious. Then Fred Ward wanders by and mumbling about how directors these days use too many cuts, cut-cut-cut, if only they were to use the long shot once again. The irony is, the entire first shot is a n epic 8-minute tracking shot. The hustle and bustle of the opening sequence is attractive. And ...

Future of American Transportation Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Future of American Transportation Policy - Essay Example Transport is very important for any society to flourish, and in advanced countries like America, the demand for automated or motorized mobility has evolved and increased significantly since the 1970's. Due to the fact that the transport sector is highly dependent on carbon fuels, it is expected to account for a large portion greenhouse gas emitted into the air in developed countries like the U.S.A. in the future, and contribute greatly to global climate change. However, about 70% of world population lives in developing regions, where per capita travel demand is currently low. Future trends in mobility-both passenger and freight-in these regions will be of critical importance for the world's fuel supply and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions over the 21st century. Many previous studies dealing with travel demand have tended to focus on a very detailed level and short time horizon, and are therefore of limited use for examining the long-term issues outlined above. This paper will also analyse the future demand for motorized transportation. Since the 1980's, when the Just-In-Time (JIT) practices were popularised, the companies have strived to decrease inventory levels and increase overall production costs. The JIT programs have had a good effect on service and production processes, and this success has also caused some changes in the transportation industry. Since Transport is often an activity that is induced either by production activities or by socio-cultural functions, it can be assessed within these categories, and it can also be assessed as a separate system. The demand for transport involves more than moving people and freight across certain distances; it also has to do with speed. For example, looking through history, the amount of time that people are willing to devote to travelling seems to be rather constant, across various world regions, and these days, the distances covered continue to increase, while the total amount of time spent on these distances remains constant, because of increased speed brought about by switching to faster means of transport.In all honesty, most people in the richer countries of the world would agree that we do enjoy our transportation systems. Our transport systems enable us to travel exactly when we want to, usually from door to door, whether we want to travel alone or with our family and friends, and we want to travel with our baggage or not. We get our goods delivered routinely by the freight distribution network, which supports our lifestyle, and satisfies our delivery needs, so why should we worry about the future of the transportation network and how the energy that drives our transportation might possibly be affecting our environment The reason is that the size of these transportation systems, and their seemingly relentless growth cannot be overlooked.These systems consume fuels that are petroleum-based, like gasoline and diesel, on a very large scale. During combustion, the carbon that these fuels contain is oxidized to the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, due to the fact that they are used so massively, the amount of carbon dioxide that gets

Continental Airlines Flight 1404 Research Paper

Continental Airlines Flight 1404 - Research Paper Example Earlier, nearly 90 percent of the aircraft accidents were grouped as survivable or technically survivable. As part of this initiative, a range of new features are integrated into aircraft at the design stage. The aircraft manufacturing industry collected details of several fatal air accident incidents and identified the key issues led to catastrophes. As a result of those extensive research practices, the air accident survival rate has significantly improved in the United States for the last two decades. This paper will discuss the case ‘Runway side excursion during attempted takeoff in strong and gusty crosswind conditions: Continental airlines flight 1404’. The paper will specifically point out why this air accident was survivable. The Mishap 250 The Continental Airlines Flight 1404 was a passenger carrier flight from Denver International Airport at Denver in Colorado to George Bush Intercontinental Airport at Huston in Texas. On 20th December 2008, at 1818 Mountain Standard Time, the Continental Airlines flight 1404 (a Boeing 737-500, N18611) skidded off the left side of the runway while taking off from the Denver International Airport. As an impact of the skidding, the flight crashed into 40 feet deep ravine which was several hundred yards away from the runway. During the course of the crash, the flight caught fire. As described in Aviation Safety Network (2008), although whereabouts of Flight 1404 were unknown at the initial stages, firefighters could immediately respond to the disaster because the plane came to rest beside one of the four fire houses of the airport. When firefighters reached the accident site, right side of the plane had been almost damaged by the fire. Passengers were being assisted by flight attendants to escape through the left side. There were 110 passengers in the flight. The captain and 5 of the passengers were severely injured whereas the first officer, 2 cabin crewmembers, and 38 passengers sustained minor injuries. Luckily, one cabin crewmember and rest of the passengers escaped unscathed. However, the flight was damaged substantially (Aviation Safety Network, 2008). Evidently, there were visual meteorological conditions at the time of the aircraft disaster. The plane followed an instrument flight rules flight plan. Investigation reports indicated that a faulty air tr affic control system and improper crosswind training in the airline industry were the major causes of the disaster. Why the Accident was Survivable While analyzing this disaster case, it seems that flight attendants’ timely responsive actions significantly contributed to the survivability of this aircraft crash. Although the flight attendants could not communicate with the pilots immediately after the aircraft came to a halt, they timely ordered an evacuation at the moment they identified the danger or fire. Since the right side of the airplane was almost caught by fire, three exits on the plane’s left side including forward, aft, and overwing were used for the evacuation process. When the forward and aft exits were operated by flight attendants, a passenger operated the left overwing exit. During the evacuation, three flight attendants and two other flight crewmembers assisted passengers to escape through less congested exits and blocked access to right side exits. In the opinion of Leib (2009), the accident was survivable because only left side of the aircraft caught fire and therefore passengers could escape through right side exits. Post-accident interviews revealed that even though passengers seemed frightened, they were greatly responsive to instructions and hence the evacuation pr

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History - Essay Example The movement received wide level of recognition and support among the urban youths and the marginalised urban poor. In the same way, supporters of the movement included diverse grassroots organizations from the rural areas and provincial cities, peasant organizations, civic, political and economic networks, and professional cadres. The proponents of the movement also aimed at dismantling dictatorship and building â€Å"a democratic state that prioritised the demands of the excluded and exploited majority and their full participation in deciding the agenda of their communities and of the nation† (Dupuy 91). A critical evaluation of the movement convinces one that the legacy of Haiti’s revolution has had great influence on the objectives, as well as outcome, of the Lavalas movement and this calls for the need to unearth the influences of Haitian revolution on the Lavalas movement. The Haitian Revolution has often been regarded as the most successful rebellion initiated by the slaves in 1791that culminated in the abolition of slavery and French domination. In fact, the revolutionaries were influenced by the French revolution itself and fought for equality, fraternity and liberty. Even though, the Haiti revolution was proved to be successful, poverty, were political and economic instability haunted the nation.

Higher education Essay Example for Free

Higher education Essay Discussion of aim of education is a function of the philosophy of education or educational theory. The aim of education in the fullest and deepest sense of the word is in keeping with the nature of the human personality or human nature. Human nature is defined in terms of the cultivation and development of perceptive intelligence based on experience i. e. creative intelligence. Creative intelligence or intuition combines reason of understanding with wisdom of compassion depends on human awakening or enlightenment. aim of education is to cultivate creative intelligence required for adaptation to changes in the social environment i. e. adaptability. Life is very complex and complicated. But an aim in life can make the complex life simple and purposeful. Aims give us direction to work and without aim, destination, or objective life becomes incomplete and haphazard. Individual has different interests, attitudes and needs. Every individual wants to achieve certain goals in life. But a clear-cut aim makes the road of life easy. Educational aims are varied. They have their different role in different fields. Some specific aims are listed below: (i) Knowledge Aim: The aim of education is the acquisition of knowledge, skills and attitudes. It helps to adjust properly in one’s own environment. Knowledge helps the man to overcome the nature and satisfy human wants. It links the teacher and taught with social situation. It helps with certain skills to live in a society as human being and civilized one. Philosophers and educationists of the world believe in knowledge. It is the valuable asset of life, which helps the individual to overcome misery and problems of life. (ii) Vocational Aim: Knowledge aim of education is narrow by nature. The theoretical knowledge will never meet our basic needs of life. We need bread and butter to fill up our belly. We can get it if education is vocationalised. Gandhiji realized it in 1937 when he introduced Basic Education. Vocational aim develops the social efficiency of the individual. It reduces mental tension after completion of education. Those who are lower, intelligence in vocational education or training are a blessing for them. Realizing this aspect. Indian Education Commission (1964-66) introduces work-experience in the curriculum. (iii) Character Building Aim: The Indian concept of education believes in self-realization. Self-realization is possible through moral education. So the individual should cultivate moral virtues or values which constitute character. Swami Vivekananda said, â€Å"We want that education by which character is formed, strength of mind is increased, the intellect is expanded and by which one can stand on one’s own feet. † (iv) Complete-Living Aim: The individual has various aspects to be developed. Every aspect of the personality is reflected in various activities to be performed. Education should help the individual to fulfill the various needs and necessities of life like self-preservation, fulfilling necessities of life, rearing and bearing of children, performing civic responsibilities and utilizing his leisure time properly. Firstly, the individual must know the art of self-preservation. Secondly, education should enable to him to earn his living. Thirdly, he should know how to take care of his own children. Lastly, he must have the idea how to utilize the leisure hours properly in a profiting manner. (v) Harmonious: Development of the personality aim- Gandhiji said, â€Å"By education, I mean an all-round drawing out of the best in the child and man-body, mind and spirit. † The meaning itself indicates to develop all-round aspects of individual-physical, intellectual, social and spiritual. All these aspects of the individual should be harmoniously developed. True education is development of 3H’s instead of 3R’s. The development of Head, Heart and hand of an individual makes him happy. (vi) Democratic Aim of Education: One of the important aims and objective of education suggested by Secondary Education Commission (1952-54) is to develop the democratic citizenship. India is a democratic country. Even citizen must have to realize the duties and responsibilities carefully. So the aim of education is to train carefully the future citizens. Training should be provided to develop the following qualities of the individual. (i) Capacity for clear thinking (ii) Receptivity of new idea (iii) Clarity in speech and writing (iv) True patriotism Further the democratic aim of education develop vocational efficiency, personality and leadership quality. Indian Education Commission (1964-66) under the chairmanship of Dr. D. S. Kothari suggested the following as the aims of education in a democratic set-up. (i) Increasing productivity (ii) Developing social and national integrity (iii) Making education modernized and (iv) Cultivating of social, moral and spiritual values. Each individual teacher has an opinion about what the aim of education should be, not only in their own classroom but also in school in general. Many issues occur when differing opinions about the purpose of education collide. It is important to recognize that other people, including many of your coworkers, administrators, and your students parents might have a different point of view concerning what education should be all about. Following is a list of different aims of education that individuals might espouse. 1. Knowledge to Get By. This old school belief holds that school is important in providing students with the knowledge they need to get by in their day-to-day lives. They need to know how to read, write, and do arithmetic. Even though these core topics form the foundation of a students education, most educators today would probably not agree that this should be the extent of a students school career. 2. Knowledge of Subject Matter Being Taught The purpose of education to some teachers is to impart knowledge about the subject matter they are teaching without much thought to other classes. When taken to the extreme, these teachers focus on their own subject matter as being more important than what students are learning in other classes. For example, teachers who are unwilling to compromise their own subject matter for the good of the students can cause problems for the school at large. When the school I taught at tried to implement senior projects, we got push back from a couple of teachers who were not willing to change their lessons to include cross curricular activities. 3. Desire to Create Thoughtful Citizens. This might be considered another old school belief. However, this is held by many individuals, especially within the larger community. Students will some day be a part of a community and need the skills and mores to exist within that society as thoughtful citizens. For example, they will need to be able to vote in presidential elections. 4. To Gain Self Esteem and Confidence While the self esteem movement often gets ridiculed, we do want our students to feel confident about their learning abilities. The problem comes in with inflated self esteem not based on reality. However, this is often cited as an aim of the educational system. 5. To Learn How to Learn Learning how to learn is one of the key elements of education. Schools need to teach students how to find information they will need once they leave school. Therefore, the specific subject matter being taught is not as important for future personal success as is the ability for students to understand how to find answers for any questions and problems that might arise. 6. Lifelong Habits for Work. Many of the lessons that schools teach are necessary for success in their students future lives. As adults, they will need to be able to get to work on time, dress and behave appropriately, and get their work done in a timely manner. These lessons are reinforced on a daily basis in schools around the nation. Some individuals see this as one of the main reasons for sending students to school. 7. To Teach Students How to Live Finally, some individuals look at school in a more holistic manner. They see it as the means towards right living for the rest of their lives. Not only do students learn information in their individual subjects, but they also learn life lessons in and out of class. As previously explained, proper work etiquette is reinforced in the classroom. Further, students have to learn how to deal with others in a cooperative manner. Finally, they learn about how to learn information they might need in the future. In fact, one of the things that many business leaders cite as being necessary for future workers is the ability to work as part of a team and problem solve.

Marion :: essays research papers

For a long time, I saw her almost every day on the train. Her gravely voice would prompt me to look up and then quickly look down. Sometimes, she would appear as I gazed aimlessly at the doors that adjoin the cars of the train. She would enter, look around, smile faintly and then introduce herself. Her name is Marion. She is homeless. But no, she doesn’t steal and never has in her life. She is down on her luck and needs help. And can we please help her? A dime, a nickel, anything. In fact, she would be happy with food. No, she doesn’t do drugs and would be so grateful for any kind soul who would help. Always that very same speech with that same plastic cheerfulness. She would make her way slowly through the train car, patiently when it was almost empty, and excusing herself to those who were already shrinking away from her, when it was crowded. She would stop sometimes and peer into the face closest to her with a deep imploration in her eyes. When it was my face, I would look down discreetly, sometimes placing wrinkled bills into her dirty, wrinkled palm. She would thank and bless me profusely, I would dismiss her by staring at my hands with an embarrassment I couldn’t explain. I didn’t want her attention. I didn’t want her to look at me or thank me. I wanted her to not exist. I didn’t want to wonder if she was a mother or a part of family or how she ended up in her sad journey walking through the rumbling cars of New York City’s trains. She would move on to another uncomfortable face, another one that ignored her. Some would say a casual, â€Å"No.† Almost as if she had asked if they knew the time. She would simply move on. When she had been ignored by enough faces, she would stand close to the doors adjoining the trains, nod slowly and then walk through. I saw her one day in the bathroom of the Long Island Ferry Station. I stood to the side, waiting for a free stall. She walked in and sneezed several times. She had an almost confused expression, staring at the wall and then the floor and then me for a little while before walking up to the garbage can. I was very surprised, so removed she was from where I was used to seeing her, from the part of my day where her presence had become normal, expected.

Understanding Social Perception & Managing Diversity

Understanding Social Perception & Managing Diversity Perception can and is influenced by a number of different things whether from the things that is read, seen on television, or simply from what we retain from family and friends. The way that perception is interpreted determines how we perceive people or our surrounding. Steve Harvey film and book Act like a Lady Think like a Man elaborates on how the perception between genders, as well as the diversity that distinguishes the communication barriers between men and women and helps to break down that barrier.In the text Organizational Dynamics and Human Behavior (second edition) major component of social perception and the Kelley’s Model of Attribution are reflected in Act like a Lady Think like a Man and will be elaborated on how it all relates throughout our discussion. Act like a Lady Think like a Man shines light on how men and women perception of the opposite gender is totally different. A woman may view all men in a n egative light based off of one negative out come and a man will put every woman in the same category based off of what a woman requires. With both genders categorizing each other the text refers to this as stereotyping.Stereotyping occurs when individuals are placed into categories. For example Act like a Lady Think like a Man placed men in to the different categories Momma’s Boy which is a man who has yet to let go of his mother and tend to his woman, then there is the non committer who is a man who is not willing to go to the next phase which is marriage, the dreamer who will not just focus on accomplishing one task at a time but doesn’t seem to know what and how to implement his plan, and then there is the player who just simply will not commit to anyone due to the desire and challenge in playing the game.Act like a Lady Think like a Man is a guide for women to understand how to perceive men. Steve Harvey has simplified by encoding the males perception of a females, which means he has created a mental representation on how the male mind works (kinicki, 2009, p. 64). In Act like a Lady Think like a Man Lauren was a successful young female CEO of a Major company who wanted a man who is on her level or higher which she believed would make them more compatible in a relationship.Lauren knew what she wanted in a man and received it all but soon came to realize that her dream guy wasn’t what she needed. She met a dreamer Dominic who made her happy with the little things that cause her to reflect back on the different occurrences and share with friends how much this individual made her happy even though he did not possess the required traits she looked for initially. Event memory is containing information for specific events and general events, as well as personal memory which contains information of a single individual or group ((kinicki, 2009, pg. 6). Lauren had to make a judgment call on what she wanted. Was it going to be her happiness with a gentlemen that had potential to be what she wanted or was she going to sacrifice her happiness for status. This was the retrieval process that is retrieved from the memory to make a decision. When a man approaches you you're the one with total control over the situation-whether he can talk to you, buy you a drink, dance with you, get your number, take you home, see you again, all of that.The woman is in control from the start. For the non committer he doesn’t feel the necessary urge to go to the next phase because the woman does not require it of him, by giving him the perception that you are content in with the current status. This relates to managerial implication through both a performance appraisal and the leadership aspect. Performance appraisal determines good versus poor performance through motivation and commitment and loyalty.Act like a Lady Think like a Man, Kristin realized that her boyfriend the non committer of nine years wasn’t willing to go to the nex t phase of their lives because she didn’t require anything from him so he displayed no willingness to want more. Leadership is when you lead by example. Kristin then began to make changes by encouraging him to want to apply for a better job and by just simply change the environment of their home through redecorating.Act like a Lady Think like a Man indicated that a woman can find all kinds of deficiencies in themselves-â€Å"I didn't do this right,† â€Å"I wasn't good enough,† â€Å"I didn't love him the way I should,† â€Å"she came in here and outperformed me† (Harvey). Women need to reframe from placing the blame of the man's actions on themselves. By holding on to that weight can be hindering for future encounters. Steve Harvey said, â€Å"You simply cannot drive forward if you're focused on what's happening in the rearview mirror. † Causal attributions is constantly formulating cause and affect explanations for our own and others behav ior (kinicki, 2009, pg. 8). Kelley’s Model of Attributions proposes that behavior can be attributed either to internal factors within a person or external factors within the environment (kinicki, 2009, pg. 69). Consensus involves a caparison of an individual’s behavior with that of his or her peers. In Act like a Lady Think like a Man the men were easily influenced by what the others were doing or would say about them. The men would go to play basketball every Thursday and out for a night cap afterwards if one were to attempt to stray from the usual the group would instantly began to place judgment instead of being excepting of prior plans.External factors are behaviors caused by environmental characteristics. Men are more concerned on how their surrounding perceives them and their status. Women want their love to be reciprocated in the same way they give it where as men will reciprocate their love only to the one that feel is deserving of their love. A man is not just going to provide and share his love with just anyone he has to know that you are the one. Women should expect that a man will pay for your dinner, movie, and more in exchange for her time.Men view women who expect this type of treatment as a gold digger, which is someone who is just after the contender with the most. Diversity represents the multitude of individual’s differences and similarities that exist amongst people. In Act like a Woman Think like a Man diversity is reflected in the way that men and women carry themselves, communication styles, and perception of one another. In conclusion Act like a Woman Think like a Man relates to diversity and perception between genders.Diversity highlight how different the thought patterns are but all how it is similar also. Although men are not as open and expressive as women we are all looking for the same things from each other. The perception on how the information is process is totally different but that’s what makes a r elationship or organization success is the differences. Act like a Woman Think like a Man helps to understand diversity and perception from a relationship status and through a male’s point of view on where women need help on understanding the male species.Just like an organization has standards and employees respect them women should have standards also. â€Å"Men respect standards get some,† Steve Harvey (Harvey).References Kinicki, A. and Kreitner. R. (2009). Organizational dynamics and human behavior. (Second ed. , pp. 64-70). New York: McGraw Hill. Harvey, S. (2009). Act like a lady, think like a man. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. Harvey, S. (n. d. ). Goodreads. Retrieved from www. goodreads. com/author/quotes/206062. Steve_Harvey Story, T. (Director) (2012). Think like a man [Theater]. (Story, 2012)